本文目录一览:
- 1、莎士比亚《十四行诗》赏析怎么写?
- 2、人生美好 莎士比亚十四行诗词赏析--1(草稿)
- 3、莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首的英文评论和赏析
- 4、莎士比亚十四行诗赏析
- 5、经典重现:莎士比亚十四行诗赏析
- 6、莎士比亚十四行诗orpheus赏析
- 7、〔英国〕莎士比亚《十四行诗第二十九首》赏析
- 8、求关于莎士比亚sonnet18十四行诗的鉴赏(要包括修辞格哦)十~分~感~谢~
- 9、赏析莎士比亚第十八首十四行诗的内容形式,分几节,突出表达了什么意义?
莎士比亚《十四行诗》赏析怎么写?
这首诗主要表达莎士比亚一方面非常惋惜朋友独自生活而不肯结连理的情感,另一方面又在极力劝说他的朋友,传宗接代是自然规律,不能违背,留下后代才能让美永存。
这第一首,诗人开宗明义地提出:熟透了的东西随时会殒落,血亲后嗣就该继承他的遗业,要美的生命不断繁衍孳生,艳丽的玫瑰才不会凋谢。这是自然法则,也启示着现实中人应步的常道。
原文节选:
当我数着壁上报时的自鸣钟,
见明媚的白昼坠入狰狞的夜,
当我凝望着紫罗兰老了春容,
青丝的卷发遍洒着皑皑白雪;
当我看见参天的树枝叶尽脱,
它不久前曾荫蔽喘息的牛羊;
夏天的青翠一束一束地就缚,
带着坚挺的白须被舁上殓床;
于是我不禁为你的朱颜焦虑:
终有天你要加入时光的废堆,
既然美和芳菲都把自己抛弃,
眼看着别人生长自己却枯萎;
没什么抵挡得住时光的毒手 ,
除了生育,当他来要把你拘走。
这本书主要分为两部分,第一部分是作者写给自己的好友——一个年轻的贵族的故事;第二部分是作者献给一位‘’黑女士"的故事,主要描写爱情。
人生美好 莎士比亚十四行诗词赏析--1(草稿)
通过学习莎翁诗歌提高赏析, 英文, 以及诗歌创作能力。逐句解释。
Sonnet I
FROM fairest creatures we desire increase,
That thereby beauty's rose might never die,
But as the riper should by time decease,
His tender heir might bear his memory:
But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes,
Feed'st thy light'st flame with self-substantial fuel,
Making a famine where abundance lies,
Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel.
Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament
And only herald to the gaudy spring,
Within thine own bud buriest thy content
And, tender churl, makest waste in niggarding.
Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.
中英对照
1
Fairest Creatures《人生美好》
Fair 是好的。 Fairest 当然就是最好的。 Creature 指被造之物, 包括动物和人(不包括植物),这里主要是人。所以译为 "人生美好"
FROM fairest creatures we desire increase, 我们急切渴望从最美好的生命开始繁衍
倒装句。We desire increase from fairest creature. Increase 指繁衍/增加。
That thereby beauty's rose might never die, 恰如美丽的玫瑰的芳香永不衰亡,
玫瑰指女性, 有人说它指女性的繁衍器官。that 意思夜包括了 因果关系。thereby 意思是由此。
But as the riper should by time decease, 然而成熟之后必会变老,
His tender heir might bear his memory: 柔嫩的后代又让记忆继续生长:
But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes, 而你,收紧了你明亮的眼睛,
Feed'st thy light'st flame with self-substantial fuel, 让光明的火焰喂饱了太多的燃料,
Making a famine where abundance lies, 丰盛依稀的所在却在制造着饥馑,
Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel. 你独自挫败,过分的美好也将带来残暴。
Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament 你如今已是世上新颖的装饰
And only herald to the gaudy spring, 只报来春天绚烂的消息,
Within thine own bud buriest thy content 却让生命的芽蕾含唇不齿
And, tender churl, makest waste in niggarding. 啊,软弱的狂野,何至于吝啬得不敢喘气。
Pity the world, or else this glutton be, 可怜的世界,除了忍受还是忍受,
To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee. 忍气吞声得够了,也就剩下你和你的归宿。
标题:人生美好 莎士比亚十四行诗词赏析
莎士比亚的十四行诗,犹如宝石般闪耀在英国文学的宝库中。这些诗篇富含情感的深度和语言的美丽,它们歌颂了爱情、生活和人性。在本文中,我们将聚焦于一首具体的十四行诗,编号为前133,来深入赏析其含义和美感。
首先,从整体结构看,十四行诗是一种独特的诗歌形式,其特点是具有严谨的格律和韵脚。在这首诗中,莎士比亚采用了独特的押韵方式,即前八行和后六行分别押韵,使整首诗呈现出一种和谐的音乐感。此外,诗中的每个单词都经过精心的选择和雕琢,使得整首诗充满了生动鲜明的意象。
在具体内容上,这首十四行诗描述的是诗人对友人的一段劝诫。前八行表达了诗人对友人过于自责、消沉生活的担忧。诗人以"制造着饥馑"的比喻,表达出友人在自身丰富的生活中却无法享受美好,反而制造着自我困扰的状况。这里既包含着对友人的关心,也透露出诗人对人生的独到见解。
接下来,"Thyself thy foe"这一句是一个巧妙的对仗,将"自己"视为"敌人",生动地表现出友人自我挣扎的痛苦。"to thy sweet self too cruel"这一句则进一步展示了友人对自我期待过高,无法欣赏自己美好特质的问题。这种自我否定的态度是诗人希望友人能够克服的。
在下半部分,莎士比亚通过对比春天和冬天的状态,进一步表达了对友人的期待。"thou that art now the world's fresh ornament"这一句将友人比喻为春天的使者,充满希望和活力。然而,"makest waste in niggarding"这句话却描绘了友人像冬天的吝啬鬼一样,无法享受生活中的美好。
最后,"tender churl"这个词组很有意思,"tender"一般表示柔软、脆弱的意思,但在这里却和"churl"结合在一起,形成了讽刺的意味。这种用法既强调了友人的矛盾状态,也表达了诗人对友人的深深关怀。
总的来说,这首十四行诗以精炼的语言和深刻的意象展现了人生的美好和复杂性。通过诗人独特的视角和情感深度,我们得以理解和欣赏人生的多样性和丰富性。尽管生活中会遇到困难和挑战,但只要我们能够欣赏自己的美好特质,克服自我否定的倾向,就能像春天的使者一样,充满希望和活力地生活。
莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首的英文评论和赏析
◎ 莎士比亚十四行诗第18首
◇ 曹明伦 译
18 18
我是否可以把你比喻成夏天? Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和: Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断, Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过; And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热, Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗; And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落, And every fair from fair sometime declines,
被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜; By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽, But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
你所拥有的美貌也不会消失, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫, Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时; When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,
只要有人类生存,或人有眼睛, So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。 So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
注:第11行语出《旧约?诗篇》第23篇第4节:“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷,但我不怕罹祸,因为你与我同在……”
英文赏析:
This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison。
这是整体赏析
1. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
This is taken usually to mean 'What if I were to compare thee etc?' The stock comparisons of the loved one to all the beauteous things in nature hover in the background throughout. One also remembers Wordsworth's lines:
We'll talk of sunshine and of song,
And summer days when we were young,
Sweet childish days which were as long
As twenty days are now.
Such reminiscences are indeed anachronistic, but with the recurrence of words such as 'summer', 'days', 'song', 'sweet', it is not difficult to see the permeating influence of the Sonnets on Wordsworth's verse.
2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
The youth's beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day. more temperate - more gentle, more restrained, whereas the summer's day might have violent excesses in store, such as are about to be described.
3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
May was a summer month in Shakespeare's time, because the calendar in use lagged behind the true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight.
darling buds of May - the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer; favourite flowers.
4. And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Legal terminology. The summer holds a lease on part of the year, but the lease is too short, and has an early termination (date).
5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
Sometime = on occasion, sometimes;
the eye of heaven = the sun.
6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
his gold complexion = his (the sun's) golden face. It would be dimmed by clouds and on overcast days generally.
7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,
All beautiful things (every fair) occasionally become inferior in comparison with their essential previous state of beauty (from fair). They all decline from perfection.
8. By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
By chance accidents, or by the fluctuating tides of nature, which are not subject to control, nature's changing course untrimmed.
untrimmed - this can refer to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it stable; or to a lack of ornament and decoration. The greater difficulty however is to decide which noun this adjectival participle should modify. Does it refer to nature, or chance, or every fair in the line above, or to the effect of nature's changing course? KDJ adds a comma after course, which probably has the effect of directing the word towards all possible antecedents. She points out that nature's changing course could refer to women's monthly courses, or menstruation, in which case every fair in the previous line would refer to every fair woman, with the implication that the youth is free of this cyclical curse, and is therefore more perfect.
9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Referring forwards to the eternity promised by the ever living poet in the next few lines, through his verse.
10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
Nor shall it (your eternal summer) lose its hold on that beauty which you so richly possess. ow'st = ownest, possess.
By metonymy we understand 'nor shall you lose any of your beauty'.
11. Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
Several half echoes here. The biblical ones are probably 'Oh death where is thy sting? Or grave thy victory?' implying that death normally boasts of his conquests over life. And Psalms 23.3.: 'Yea though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil ' In classical literature the shades flitted helplessly in the underworld like gibbering ghosts. Shakespeare would have been familiar with this through Virgil's account of Aeneas' descent into the underworld in Aeneid Bk. VI.
12. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,
in eternal lines = in the undying lines of my verse. Perhaps with a reference to progeny, and lines of descent, but it seems that the procreation theme has already been abandoned.
to time thou grow'st - you keep pace with time, you grow as time grows.
13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
For as long as humans live and breathe upon the earth, for as long as there are seeing eyes on the eart.
14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
That is how long these verses will live, celebrating you, and continually renewing your life. But one is left with a slight residual feeling that perhaps the youth's beauty will last no longer than a summer's day, despite the poet's proud boast.
这是逐句赏析
中文版:以莎氏十四行诗第18首为例,以往从未有人指出过它的缺点,但笔者根据教学实践得来的体会,认为它至少有两大缺点,一是在音韵方面,其韵脚、头韵和韵格均不同程度的破坏了诗歌的音美和形美;二是某些比喻和描述的平淡或离奇破坏了诗歌的意美。
一、音韵参差,破坏了音美和形美
全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格(iambic pentameter),包括三个四行组(quatrain)和一个对偶句(couplet),采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式,即abab cdcd efef gg。但本诗音韵并不十分齐整。
在韵脚(end rhyme)方面,第二行的temperate与第四行的date押韵,但两个词的重音位置却不同,这一韵就既非阳韵(masculine rhyme)也非阴韵(feminine rhyme),显得不伦不类,与其它严整的韵对比,这一韵念起来令人颇感突兀,破坏了诗歌的音韵美。
头韵(alliteration)方面,第六和第七行都以And 起头,形成头韵,但这两个并列的简单陈述句从意义上看,造成了语意在同一水平上徘徊而不是递进,而且用相同的And起头使两句不仅在语意也在形式上显得拖沓而无变化,破坏了诗歌的音韵美和形式美。
韵格(meter)方面,五音步抑扬格的诗歌是常有破格的,特别是在诗歌首行的第一个音步,经常是前重音后轻音。适当的破格可使诗歌免于呆板,增加变化,使音韵更显其美。但过多的破格就会打乱诗歌的格式,使其音律显得零碎,给诗歌带来负面影响,本诗即是如此。第一行“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”中的“thee to”是无法按轻重音的顺序来念的,第二行“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”中的两个more是强调,要念重音,因此这一行的韵格就不是抑扬格了。第六行“And often is his gold complexion dimm’d”中前两个音步的轻重音位置是模糊的。第十行“Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest”中的第一个音步可以看作是破格,第十一行“Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade”中的“Nor shall Death brag”重音和轻音顺序应是“重轻重重”,也不是抑扬格。可见,本诗因为破格过多,格律形式有点混乱,诗歌齐整的音韵美受到了损害。实际上,学生也经常反映这首诗歌读起来有些地方很拗口,主要就是因为韵律破格太多所致。
二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇,破坏意美
诗歌之美,不仅体现在音美和形美上,而且还有语意层面的美。通过语法、词汇或使用比喻等,可以建构诗歌的意美。本诗中有美丽的语言,如“darling buds of May”(五月的嫩蕊)、“eternal summer”(长夏)、“thou wander’st in his shade”(在他的暗影里蹉跎),但也有平常的比喻和描述,如诗中将“你”比喻为“夏季”,把太阳比成“天上的眼睛”,有“金色的面容”,这当然不是平淡的描述,但至少也不是新鲜的。而说死神能“夸口”,这种拟人的手法多少有些平淡了。诗中又说夏天有“租期”,租期又“太短”,则令人感到有些陌生,难有美感了。时光匆匆是人人皆知的常识,诗中用复杂的表述来说明浅显的道理,很难令人感到亲切,这样的比喻并未达到增强表现力的效果。这种将简单复杂化从而使人产生隔膜的例子还有“nature’s changing course untrimm’d ”以及“that fair thou owest”。而“And every fair from fair”则让一般读者感到很抽象,难以理解。“So long as men can breathe or eyes can see”也是一句很平常的散文句。
以上所述,是莎氏十四行诗第18首在诗艺上的缺陷。当然诗中古雅的用词和句法也会给普通读者带来阅读上的不适,但这是古今语言演变造成的隔膜,并非诗歌本身的原因,正如其多个汉译文,现在看起来也有时代距离感一样。莎士比亚十四行诗第18首是一首经典诗歌,其美妙自不待言,但是从另一个角度检视和观察,认识其缺点和不足,以避免盲目吹捧和过度美化,应该是对待文学经典的更全面因而是更可取的方法。
PS:都是非原创,是我在各个论坛,空间里找的。但是希望可以啊帮到你~~~~~~~·
◎ 莎士比亚十四行诗第18首
◇ 曹明伦 译
18 18
我是否可以把你比喻成夏天? Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和: Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断, Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过; And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热, Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗; And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落, And every fair from fair sometime declines,
被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜; By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽, But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
你所拥有的美貌也不会消失, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫, Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时; When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,
只要有人类生存,或人有眼睛, So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。 So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
注:第11行语出《旧约?诗篇》第23篇第4节:“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷,但我不怕罹祸,因为你与我同在……”
英文赏析:
This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison。
这是整体赏析
1. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
This is taken usually to mean 'What if I were to compare thee etc?' The stock comparisons of the loved one to all the beauteous things in nature hover in the background throughout. One also remembers Wordsworth's lines:
We'll talk of sunshine and of song,
And summer days when we were young,
Sweet childish days which were as long
As twenty days are now.
Such reminiscences are indeed anachronistic, but with the recurrence of words such as 'summer', 'days', 'song', 'sweet', it is not difficult to see the permeating influence of the Sonnets on Wordsworth's verse.
2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
The youth's beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day. more temperate - more gentle, more restrained, whereas the summer's day might have violent excesses in store, such as are about to be described.
3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
May was a summer month in Shakespeare's time, because the calendar in use lagged behind the true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight.
darling buds of May - the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer; favourite flowers.
4. And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Legal terminology. The summer holds a lease on part of the year, but the lease is too short, and has an early termination (date).
5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
Sometime = on occasion, sometimes;
the eye of heaven = the sun.
6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
his gold complexion = his (the sun's) golden face. It would be dimmed by clouds and on overcast days generally.
7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,
All beautiful things (every fair) occasionally become inferior in comparison with their essential previous state of beauty (from fair). They all decline from perfection.
8. By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
By chance accidents, or by the fluctuating tides of nature, which are not subject to control, nature's changing course untrimmed.
untrimmed - this can refer to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it stable; or to a lack of ornament and decoration. The greater difficulty however is to decide which noun this adjectival participle should modify. Does it refer to nature, or chance, or every fair in the line above, or to the effect of nature's changing course? KDJ adds a comma after course, which probably has the effect of directing the word towards all possible antecedents. She points out that nature's changing course could refer to women's monthly courses, or menstruation, in which case every fair in the previous line would refer to every fair woman, with the implication that the youth is free of this cyclical curse, and is therefore more perfect.
9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Referring forwards to the eternity promised by the ever living poet in the next few lines, through his verse.
10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
Nor shall it (your eternal summer) lose its hold on that beauty which you so richly possess. ow'st = ownest, possess.
By metonymy we understand 'nor shall you lose any of your beauty'.
11. Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
Several half echoes here. The biblical ones are probably 'Oh death where is thy sting? Or grave thy victory?' implying that death normally boasts of his conquests over life. And Psalms 23.3.: 'Yea though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil ' In classical literature the shades flitted helplessly in the underworld like gibbering ghosts. Shakespeare would have been familiar with this through Virgil's account of Aeneas' descent into the underworld in Aeneid Bk. VI.
12. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,
in eternal lines = in the undying lines of my verse. Perhaps with a reference to progeny, and lines of descent, but it seems that the procreation theme has already been abandoned.
to time thou grow'st - you keep pace with time, you grow as time grows.
13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
For as long as humans live and breathe upon the earth, for as long as there are seeing eyes on the eart.
14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
That is how long these verses will live, celebrating you, and continually renewing your life. But one is left with a slight residual feeling that perhaps the youth's beauty will last no longer than a summer's day, despite the poet's proud boast.
这是逐句赏析
中文版:以莎氏十四行诗第18首为例,以往从未有人指出过它的缺点,但笔者根据教学实践得来的体会,认为它至少有两大缺点,一是在音韵方面,其韵脚、头韵和韵格均不同程度的破坏了诗歌的音美和形美;二是某些比喻和描述的平淡或离奇破坏了诗歌的意美。
一、音韵参差,破坏了音美和形美
全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格(iambic pentameter),包括三个四行组(quatrain)和一个对偶句(couplet),采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式,即abab cdcd efef gg。但本诗音韵并不十分齐整。
在韵脚(end rhyme)方面,第二行的temperate与第四行的date押韵,但两个词的重音位置却不同,这一韵就既非阳韵(masculine rhyme)也非阴韵(feminine rhyme),显得不伦不类,与其它严整的韵对比,这一韵念起来令人颇感突兀,破坏了诗歌的音韵美。
头韵(alliteration)方面,第六和第七行都以And 起头,形成头韵,但这两个并列的简单陈述句从意义上看,造成了语意在同一水平上徘徊而不是递进,而且用相同的And起头使两句不仅在语意也在形式上显得拖沓而无变化,破坏了诗歌的音韵美和形式美。
韵格(meter)方面,五音步抑扬格的诗歌是常有破格的,特别是在诗歌首行的第一个音步,经常是前重音后轻音。适当的破格可使诗歌免于呆板,增加变化,使音韵更显其美。但过多的破格就会打乱诗歌的格式,使其音律显得零碎,给诗歌带来负面影响,本诗即是如此。第一行“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”中的“thee to”是无法按轻重音的顺序来念的,第二行“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”中的两个more是强调,要念重音,因此这一行的韵格就不是抑扬格了。第六行“And often is his gold complexion dimm’d”中前两个音步的轻重音位置是模糊的。第十行“Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest”中的第一个音步可以看作是破格,第十一行“Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade”中的“Nor shall Death brag”重音和轻音顺序应是“重轻重重”,也不是抑扬格。可见,本诗因为破格过多,格律形式有点混乱,诗歌齐整的音韵美受到了损害。实际上,学生也经常反映这首诗歌读起来有些地方很拗口,主要就是因为韵律破格太多所致。
二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇,破坏意美
诗歌之美,不仅体现在音美和形美上,而且还有语意层面的美。通过语法、词汇或使用比喻等,可以建构诗歌的意美。本诗中有美丽的语言,如“darling buds of May”(五月的嫩蕊)、“eternal summer”(长夏)、“thou wander’st in his shade”(在他的暗影里蹉跎),但也有平常的比喻和描述,如诗中将“你”比喻为“夏季”,把太阳比成“天上的眼睛”,有“金色的面容”,这当然不是平淡的描述,但至少也不是新鲜的。而说死神能“夸口”,这种拟人的手法多少有些平淡了。诗中又说夏天有“租期”,租期又“太短”,则令人感到有些陌生,难有美感了。时光匆匆是人人皆知的常识,诗中用复杂的表述来说明浅显的道理,很难令人感到亲切,这样的比喻并未达到增强表现力的效果。这种将简单复杂化从而使人产生隔膜的例子还有“nature’s changing course untrimm’d ”以及“that fair thou owest”。而“And every fair from fair”则让一般读者感到很抽象,难以理解。“So long as men can breathe or eyes can see”也是一句很平常的散文句。
以上所述,是莎氏十四行诗第18首在诗艺上的缺陷。当然诗中古雅的用词和句法也会给普通读者带来阅读上的不适,但这是古今语言演变造成的隔膜,并非诗歌本身的原因,正如其多个汉译文,现在看起来也有时代距离感一样。莎士比亚十四行诗第18首是一首经典诗歌,其美妙自不待言,但是从另一个角度检视和观察,认识其缺点和不足,以避免盲目吹捧和过度美化,应该是对待文学经典的更全面因而是更可取的方法。
亲,采纳吧~
This is one of the best-known and frequently quoted of Shakepeare's sonnets.It is an exemplary English sonnet,of which the first eight lines concern with the short-lived natural beauty and the last six lines are about the eternity of the beauty of"you"―the addressee of the sonnet.Through making a sharp contrast between the mutability of nature and the perpetual beauty of"you",the poet actually undertakes a deep meditation on change and time.Facing the anxiety resulted from the mutability of nature and transience of life,the poet however with an optimistic tone eulogizes the immortality of poetry and art in the end,through which the spiritual eternity of man's existence can be fulfilled.
莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首赏析:
1、对于船只来说,在海上迷失方向是极其危险的。但如果他们找到北极星并按它指引的方向前进,那他们就能得救。只要心中有爱,任何艰难险阻都无所畏惧。爱是恋人心中的“北极星”,有它的指引,爱之船就不会迷失方向。
2、海的汹涌澎湃和变幻莫测象征真爱道路上的艰难险阻:“it is a ever-fixed mark/that looks on tempests and is never shaken.”
它让意志薄弱的恋人迷失爱的方向,但海上的灯塔(ever-fixed mark)却是真爱的象征,只要有真爱在心中,任何困难都能克服。
扩展资料:
1609年,莎士比亚发表了《十四行诗》,这是他最后一部出版的非戏剧类著作。学者无法确认154首十四行诗每一首的完成时间,但是有证据表明莎士比亚在整个创作生涯中为一位私人读者创作这些十四行诗。
少数分析家认为出版的合集是根据莎士比亚有意设置的顺序。看起来他计划了两个相对的系列:一个是关于一位已婚皮肤黝黑女子的不可控制的欲望。
参考资料来源:百度百科-莎士比亚十四行诗
莎士比亚十四行诗赏析
【欣赏】 这第一首,诗人开宗明义地提出:熟透了的东西随时会殒落,血亲后嗣就该继承他的遗业,要美的生命不断繁衍孳生,艳丽的玫瑰才不会凋谢。这是自然法则,也启示着现实中人应步的常道。但是朋友,你却不去寻结连理,只独钟其身,恰似和自己的眼睛订婚,燃尽自身,也只能烧炼出双眸的光焰,而不能把你的美传诸后人。这是和自己作对,就会在丰饶的田野上酿出了饥馑。你本是天地的精华,鲜艳的珍品,自应婚娶,生育美的后代,为灿烂的春天开路。而你却不肯与美人结合,愿在自身的花蕾里埋葬了自己。这种自怜的吝啬,酿成了毁灭的浪费,该有多么可惜与可叹啊!所以,诗人于最后剀切陈情:亲爱的朋友,可怜这世界吧,你不能违背自然规律,把世界应得的统统让坟墓吞去,和你一同消逝。
★
经典重现:莎士比亚十四行诗赏析
莎士比亚一生写过154首十四行诗,这首为第十八首,写给他的朋友,但我们不妨也可以把它当成爱情诗来读。这首诗是公认的名篇,也是多数教科书必选之列。
这首诗的艺术特点首先在于它有双重主题:一是赞美爱友的美貌,二是歌颂诗歌艺术的不朽力量。诗人开头把爱友比成英国一年最美的季节——夏季,从而唤起读者美好的想象。接下来笔锋一转,夏季虽然美好,但不可常驻;然而,凭借诗歌的力量,他可以使他爱友的美貌永存。最后两行总结全文:只要诗行存在,爱友的美就存在。这里既兼顾到了对爱友的美的赞誉,又赞美了诗歌艺术的不朽。
这首诗歌的另一个特点就是:语言生动,比喻新颖。在短短的十四行中运用了多种修辞手法,如:设问(rhetorical question)、暗喻(metaphor)、拟人(personification)、夸张(hyperbole)等。这些修辞手法的运用大大加强了这首诗歌的表现力。
莎士比亚十四行诗orpheus赏析
莎士比亚十四行诗的赏析:
1、1609年,莎士比亚发表了《十四行诗》,这是他最后一部出版的非戏剧类著作。学者无法确认154首十四行诗每一首的完成时间,但是有证据表明莎士比亚在整个创作生涯中为一位私人读者创作了这些十四行诗。
2、更早的时候,两首未经许可的十四行诗出现在1599年出版的《热情的朝圣者》。英国作家弗朗西斯·米尔斯曾在1598年提到“在亲密朋友当中流传的甜美的十四行诗”。
3、少数分析家认为出版的合集是根据莎士比亚有意设置的顺序。看起来他计划了两个相对的系列:一个是关于一位已婚皮肤黝黑女子的不可控制的欲望。
4、另一个是关于一位白皙的年轻男子纯洁的爱。如今仍不清楚是否这些人物代表了真实的人,也不清楚是否诗中的“我”代表了莎士比亚自己,尽管英国诗人威廉·华兹华斯认为在这些十四行诗中“莎士比亚敞开了他的心”。
5、 1609年的版本是献给一位“W.H.先生”,献词称他为这些诗的“唯一的促成者”(the only begetter)。献词究竟是莎士比亚自己写的还是出版商托马斯·索普所加目前仍是一个谜,索普的名字缩写出现在题献页的末尾。
6、尽管有大量学术研究,谁是“W.H.先生”先生也依旧不为人知,甚至连莎士比亚是否授权出版该书也不清楚。评论家赞美《十四行诗》是爱、性欲、生殖、死亡和时间的本性的深刻思索。
〔英国〕莎士比亚《十四行诗第二十九首》赏析
《〔英国〕莎士比亚·十四行诗第二十九首》经典诗文赏析
我一旦失去了幸福, 又遭人白眼,
就独自哭泣, 怨人家把我抛弃,
白白地用哭喊来麻烦聋耳的苍天,
又看看自己, 只痛恨时运不济,
愿自己象人家那样: 或前程远大,
或一表人才,或胜友如云广交谊,
想有这人的权威,那人的才华,
于自己平素最得意的,倒最不满意;
但在这几乎是看轻自己的思想里,
我偶尔想到了你呵,——我的心怀
顿时象破晓的云雀从阴郁的大地
冲上了天门,歌唱起赞美诗来;
我记着你的甜爱,就是珍宝,
教我不屑把处境跟帝王对调。
(屠 岸 译)
爱,是人类情感中最美好的一种。人人都会有自己的爱,诗人则往往比一般人爱得更深沉、更强烈。
在这首向自己所爱的人倾诉情怀的诗里,诗人采用了“先抑后扬”的表现手法,层层推进,波澜起伏,描写了自己变化发展的思想感情。开头四句,他先是感叹自己命运不济,被人冷落,流露出对世态炎凉的愤懑之情。接着四句,表达了诗人深重的自卑感,觉得自惭形秽,怨天尤人的痛苦情绪达到了极点,几乎无以自拔。然而,诗的情调在后面几句却突然改变。诗人一旦在心里看见了自己所爱的人的形象,顿时精神振奋、神采飞扬,从悲观失望中解脱出来,高唱起喜悦、明快的欢歌。犹如清晨展翅飞翔的云雀,送走阴霾浓重的暗夜,迎来灿烂辉煌的黎明。最后两句则总结全篇, 与诗的开头形成鲜明对照。从消沉到振奋,从哀伤到欢喜,从自卑到自豪,以致于后来连世界上很多人梦寐以求的国王地位,诗人也不屑一顾。如此强烈的戏剧性变化,充分证明了纯真的爱能产生多么伟大的力量。
可以说,这是一首讴歌爱情的杰出诗篇。全诗通过描述诗人跌宕起伏的感情变化,赞美了能给人以鼓舞、希望和信心的真正的爱情。但是,据学者们的考证和研究,莎士比亚的大多数十四行诗,包括这一首在内,实际上是写给诗人的好朋友——一个年轻英俊的男子的。这样看来,这首诗歌颂的并不是男女之间的纯洁爱情,而是挚友之间的真诚友谊。不过, 我们读莎士比亚的诗,主要是把它们做为艺术作品来欣赏,而并非完全看做是作者本人真实生活经历的记录。就这首诗本身来说,读者可以按照自己的欣赏趣味, 把它看做是歌唱爱情、或是歌唱友谊的诗篇。无论作何选择, 都不会影响对诗的艺术欣赏。在艰难曲折的人生旅途上, 爱情与友谊都能给人以勇气和力量。不管怎么说, 这里描述的爱情, 不是逢场作戏, 而是深厚、 纯真的感情;这里抒写的友谊,不是泛泛之交,而是强烈、 诚挚的情谊。也许正是由于这个缘故, 这首诗历来深为读者喜爱, 在莎士比亚十四行诗中是最常被人们选引的几首之一。
(许力生)
求关于莎士比亚sonnet18十四行诗的鉴赏(要包括修辞格哦)十~分~感~谢~
Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date. 4
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm’d; 8
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st.
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st. 12
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
我可能把你和夏天相比拟?
你比夏天更可爱更温和:
狂风会把五月的花苞吹落地,
夏天也嫌太短促,匆匆而过; 4
有时太阳照得太热,
常常又遮暗他的金色的脸;
美的事物总不免要凋落,
偶然的,或是自然变化而流转。 8
但是你的永恒之夏不会褪色,
你不会失去你的俊美的仪容;
死神不能夸说你在他的阴影里面走着,
如果你在这不朽的诗句里获得了永生; 12
只要人们能呼吸,眼睛能看东西,
此诗就会不朽,使你永久生存下去。
注释:
1. a summer's day 从表面看这是“夏季的一天”,但根据第4行,理解为“夏季的一天”不妥,正确的理解应是“夏天这个季节”。
day 一段时间。
2. temperate 温和的,既不冷也不热的。
3. Rough (风或者天气)暴风雨般的,狂暴的,剧烈的。
darling 形容词,受喜爱的,亲爱的。
4. lease (合同所规定的)期限。
date 持续的一段时间,季节。
5. sometime 有时候,时而。
hot 副词。
the eye of heaven 指太阳。
6. his its,指太阳的。
complexion 面部,脸。
dim 动词,使变得暗淡。
7. 该行的正常语序是And every fair sometime declines from fair.
fair第1个fair的意思是“美丽的人或者美丽的东西”;第2个fair的意思是“美丽”。
sometime 在特定的时候,在某个时候。
decline 衰落,衰退。
8. 该行的正常语序是untrimmed by chance or nature's changing course,以untrimmed为中心词的过去分词短语,修饰第7行中的第2个fair。
nature's changing couse 自然的变化规律。
untrim 夺去美丽。
9. fade 衰退,衰败。
10. lose possession of 失去对......的占有。
fair 同第7行中的第2个fair。
owe 拥有,占有。
12. line 诗行。
14. this 该行中两次出现的this都指“这首诗”。
【欣赏】
大多数莎学家认为,从第18首到第20首十四行诗,是作者赞美好友的超常之美的。
这首诗一开始,便用了夏天、五月的花苞和太阳,这些时间空间里最美好的事物,来和好友相比,认为它们都有一定的局限,不及好友。从总的方面相较,好友比夏天更可爱更温和;具体地说,夏季的花--五月的花苞易被狂风吹落,夏日的太阳过分炽热,又常被遮暗。在比较中,进而指出一切美的事物,随着时光的流转、自然的变化,终难避免凋落。你虽胜过鲜花与夏阳,但是你那俊美的仪容仍有销蚀之虞。怎么办呢?诗是永恒的,只有把你写入我的诗中,你才会在这不朽的艺术里得到永生。你那俊美的仪容不会失去,你的永恒之夏也不会褪色。人们只要能呼吸、有感受,就会从诗中赏识到你的美,就连死神也不能夸说,说你在他的阴影里面走着。
这首诗善作比拟,且结构严谨而多层次。先以夏与好友相比,继而由夏花、夏阳之局限,带出好友的俊美仪容,这造化之功,同样会随自然而变化而流转;只有诗是不朽的,你也只有在诗里才能获得永生。
希望对你有所帮助~~嘻嘻(*^__^*)
This poem is Shakespeare’s most frequently quoted sonnet.
Theme: The poet sings praise of his friend, and thinks that his poetry will bring eternity to the one he loves. The poem follows the traditional theme for poetry in the Elizabethan period, that is, poetry can bring eternity to the one he loves and eulogizes. From the poem we can see that the poet has confidence in his poetry and he thinks that his poems will be everlasting in human world. He also shows love for and celebration of his friend, the young man.
It is written in Shakespearean sonnet rhyming abab, cdcd, efef, gg
莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想:爱征服一切。他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象,用可感可见的物质世界,形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。
诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中,万物繁茂地生长着,繁阴遮地,是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。那醉人的绿与鲜艳的花一道,将夏天打扮得五彩缤纷、艳丽动人。
但是,“你”却比夏天可爱多了,比夏天还要温婉。五月的狂风会作践那可爱的景色,夏天的期限太短,阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上,那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。
而“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。“你”在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢,甚至“你”美的任何东西都不会有所损失。“你”是人世的永恒,“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留,任由死神的夸口也不会死去。
“你”是什么?“你”与人类同在,你在时间的长河里不朽。那人类精神的精华——诗,是你的形体吗?或者,你就是诗的精神,就是人类的灵魂。
诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体,而是采用了四四四二体:在前面充分地发挥表达的层次,在充分的铺垫之后,用两句诗结束全诗,点明主题。
全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻,华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。诗人用形象的表达使严谨的逻辑推理变得生动有趣、曲折跌宕,最终巧妙地得出了人文主义的结论。
扩展资料:
原文
QuatrainⅠ:
A:Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
B:Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
A:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
B:And summer's lease hath all too short a date.
QuatrainⅡ:
C:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
D:And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
C:And every fair from fair sometime declines,
D:By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed.
Quatrain Ⅲ:
E:But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
F:Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;
E:Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
F:When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.
Couplet:
G:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
G:So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
译文
或许我可用夏日把你来比方,
但你比夏日更可爱也更温良。
夏风狂作常摧落五月的娇蕊,
夏季的期限也未免还不太长。
有时天眼如炬人间酷热难当,
但转瞬金面如晦,云遮雾障。
每一种美都终究会凋残零落,
难免见弃于机缘与天道无常。
但你永恒的夏季却不会消亡,
你优美的形象也永不会消亡。
死神难夸口说你深陷其罗网,
只因你借我诗行可长寿无疆。
只要人眼能看,人口能呼吸,
我诗必长存,使你万世流芳。
参考资料:百度百科-sonnet 18
赏析莎士比亚第十八首十四行诗的内容形式,分几节,突出表达了什么意义?
莎士比亚的十四行诗之所以吸引了古往今来的众多读者,主要原因是因为其诗的“甜蜜”,即它们用悦耳动听的语言音韵赞颂了世间最为美好的情感—— 友谊和爱情。诗集主要涉及三个人物:诗人、“年轻朋友”和“黑肤女郎”。154首诗大体分为两部分,第一部分从第127首至第152首,是献给“黑肤女郎”的。最后两首诗与上述题材无关,像是对希腊格言诗的翻译或仿作。莎士比亚的十四行诗主要是歌颂友谊,抒写爱情,表达了诗人对人生的理想。
如果说从十四行诗中我们可以看到诗人的情感世界,那么这个世界就是一个真、善、美统一的世界。诗人在这些歌颂友情与爱情的诗歌中,提出了他所主张的生活的最高标准:真、善、美及这三者的结合:“真,善,美就是我们全部的主题;真,善,美,变化成不同的辞章;我的创造力就用在这种变化里,三题合一,产生瑰丽的景象。真善美,过去是各不相关,而现在,三位同座,真是空间。”这第105首十四行诗,可以看作是整部诗集的终曲和结语,是我们理解莎士比亚十四行诗思想精髓的一把钥匙。这时的莎士比亚青春年少、风华正茂,他对人生对社会都充满了美好的期望,对人文主义理想也深信不疑。他想要热情赞美和执着追求一种至真至纯的感情,一种真善美相统一的感情,无论是友情还是爱情都是如此。
莎士比亚的十四行诗是世界诗歌宝库中的一颗绚丽夺目的明珠。莎士比亚的诗才虽然在这些诗中只是牛刀小试,但却呈现出夺睛耀目的色彩。这些十四行诗不仅表现了一个人文主义者对真、善、美的理想和看法,同时还表现出了人与人之间的不和谐所引起的失望与焦虑,可以说它们不仅仅是个人的抒情,同时也表达了一个时代。莎士比亚十四行诗中,除了强烈的感情之外,还有深邃的思想,反映了他进步的人生观和艺术观,这些思想在否定中世纪黑暗时代的禁欲主义和神权的基础上,赞扬了人的个性,宣称人的平等,赋予了人和人生以新的内容和意义,达到了欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义民主思想的最高水平。
我们还应该注意到莎士比亚十四行诗的其他特点,莎士比亚会文人所会,但他的诗歌又有其他文人所无的现实感和市井情趣。他有丰富的人生经验和深刻的忧患意识,同时又有乐观精神使他能够清醒而保持平衡。莎士比亚绝不是苦涩的难产诗人,他总是能妙语泉涌、滔滔不绝,正如后人德莱登所说:“只要时机不凡,他也能身手不凡,从无题材合适而他不能写得大大超过别的诗人的情况。”莎士比亚驾驭语言的技巧可谓精湛高超,他的语言能华丽如云锦,又能素净如洁水。此外,他还对音韵非常敏感,创造了自己的诗韵,即有名的“莎士比亚韵”。莎士比亚的诗歌语言具有很强的音乐性,读来优美动听,所以人称“甜蜜”。
总之,莎士比亚以惊人的艺术表现力得心应手地运用了商籁诗体。在154首十四行诗中,他表现了广阔的思想天地。诗中形象的生动,词汇的丰富,语言的巧妙,音调的铿锵,都是异常突出的,被誉为诗人之魁的爱德蒙·斯宾塞也不得不叹服地说:“我们找不到一位比他更优美的诗人;他的诗神缪斯充溢着优美的构思,并且像他本人一样,英勇豪迈地呐喊着。”在英国的十四行诗中,莎士比亚的十四行诗是一座高峰,他的甜蜜的诗歌不仅在英国的抒情诗宝库中,而且在世界的抒情诗宝库中也有着崇高的地位。